Lullula arborea

Near Threatened

NT (D1)

Contributed: Avner Rinot, Yoav Perlman, Asaf Mayrose, Yosef Kiat, Rei Segali, Zev Labinger, Noam Weiss, Tuvia Kahn

Update Time: Jan. 1, 2011, 7:39 a.m.

Habitats	Rocky Terrain, Alpine Scrubland
Presence In Israel	Summer, Winter Visitor, Migrant
Breeding In Israel	Breeder
Migration Types	Short Range / Partial
Zoographical Zones	Alpine, Irano-Turanian
Landscape Types	Mountainous
Vegetation Types	Steppe, Herbaceous
Vegetation Densities	Low
Nest Locations	Ground
Diet Types	Herbivore
Foraging Grounds	Ground
Body Sizes	Small (up to 500g)
Threat Factors	Habitat loss and fragmentation

ישראלי, נ. ופרלמן, י. 2013. סיכום סקר עופות מקננים בחרמון. דו"ח מרכז הצפרות של החברה להגנת הטבע.
פז, ע. 1986. עופות. מתוך אלון, ע. (עורך), החי והצומח של ארץ ישראל. כרך 6. הוצאת משרד הביטחון, ישראל.

Shirihai, H., 1996. The Birds of Israel. Academic Press, London.
Symes, A. 2013. Species generation lengths. Unpublished, BirdLife International.
Species page at Birdlife International

Contributed: Avner Rinot, Yoav Perlman, Asaf Mayrose, Yosef Kiat, Rei Segali, Zev Labinger, Noam Weiss, Tuvia Kahn

Current Occupancy Map

Current occupancy map by density
Data Missing	Sporadic	Limited Sites	Low Density	High Density
0	0	0	0	0

More Maps

Distribution maps

The maps presented here provide visual information on the distribution of species in Israel from the past and present, and the changes in occupancy and breeding density during the comparison period. For further reading

Relative Abundance 2010-2020

Breeding density values in the current decade as determined from experts' opinion and observations from databases.

Relative Abundance 2010-2020 by density
Data Missing	Sporadic	Limited Sites	Low Density	High Density
8	12	12	21	19

Relative Abundance 1980-1990

Density values based primarily on the book The Birds of Israel (Shirihai 1996).

Relative Abundance 1980-1990 by density
Data Missing	Sporadic	Limited Sites	Low Density	High Density
5	14	14	17	22

Occupancy 1990-2020

The map shows differences in the species breeding distribution between the 1980's breeding map and the current weighted breeding evaluation. Negative value - species previously bred in the grid and is not presently breeding; positive value - species has not previously bred in the grid and is currently breeding.

Occupancy 1990-2020
Data Missing	No Change	Occupancy Increase	Occupancy Decrease
6	35	1	9

Change in Relative Abundance 1990-2020

The map shows the changes in the relative abundance of a species in each of the distribution grids between the breeding map of the 1980s and the weighted current breeding evaluation. Negative values - decline in abundance; positive values - increase in abundance; zero - no change in abundance.

Change in Relative Abundance 1990-2020
80 to 100	50	20 to 30	No Change	30- to 20-	50-	100- to 80-	Data Missing
0	4	2	22	12	14	11	16

Rarity
Vulnerability
Attractiveness
Endemism
Red number
Peripherality

IUCN category
Threat Definition according to the red book